SEC Filing | KalVista Pharmaceuticals

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10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

 QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2023

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from to .

Commission File No. 001-36830

KALVISTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		20-0915291
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
55 Cambridge Parkway Suite 901E Cambridge, Massachusetts		02142
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

857-999-0075

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

n/a

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share	KALV	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  NO 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  NO 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer		Accelerated filer	
Non-accelerated filer		Smaller reporting company	
		Emerging growth company	

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES  NO 

As of March 1, 2023, the registrant had 34,169,438 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7

	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	13

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	20

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	20

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	21

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	21

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	21

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	21

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	21

Item 5.	Other Information	21

Item 6.	Exhibits	22

Signatures		23

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	January 31,			April 30,
	2023			2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	85,049		$	30,732
Marketable securities		86,636			135,470
Research and development tax credit receivable		11,892			14,098
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		8,556			13,347
Total current assets		192,133			193,647
Property and equipment, net		3,037			2,178
Right of use assets		8,101			7,862
Other assets		197			193
Total assets	$	203,468		$	203,880
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	1,698		$	3,638
Accrued expenses		8,851			6,961
Lease liability - current portion		1,057			977
Total current liabilities		11,606			11,576
Long-term liabilities:
Lease liability - net of current portion		7,421			7,211
Total long-term liabilities		7,421			7,211
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders’ equity
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 100,000,000 authorized
Shares issued and outstanding: 34,127,762 at January 31, 2023 and 24,550,748 at April 30, 2022		34			25
Additional paid-in capital		504,725			439,104
Accumulated deficit		(316,777	)		(250,175	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(3,541	)		(3,861	)
Total stockholders’ equity		184,441			185,093
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	203,468		$	203,880

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	January 31,						January 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenue	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Operating expenses:
Research and development		20,063			19,738			56,325			50,954
General and administrative		6,882			6,945			22,818			18,848
Total operating expenses		26,945			26,683			79,143			69,802
Operating loss		(26,945	)		(26,683	)		(79,143	)		(69,802	)
Other income:
Interest income		732			258			1,424			822
Foreign currency exchange (loss) gain		597			(198	)		(237	)		(529	)
Other income		4,313			4,156			11,354			11,283
Total other income		5,642			4,216			12,541			11,576
Net loss	$	(21,303	)	$	(22,467	)	$	(66,602	)	$	(58,226	)
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain		1,128			(445	)		(573	)		(430	)
Unrealized holding (loss) gain on marketable securities		658			(350	)		808			(773	)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss (gain) on marketable securities included in net loss		(1	)		176			84			296
Other comprehensive (loss) income		1,785			(619	)		319			(907	)
Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(19,518	)	$	(23,086	)	$	(66,283	)	$	(59,133	)
Net loss per share to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.75	)	$	(0.92	)	$	(2.58	)	$	(2.38	)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		28,278,453			24,479,660			25,810,369			24,449,788

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended January 31, 2023
										Accumulated
					Additional					Other			Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Comprehensive			Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance at May 1, 2022		24,550,748	$	25	$	439,104	$	(250,175	)	$	(3,861	)	$	185,093
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		20,124		—		168		—			—			168
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,642		—			—			2,642
Net loss		—		—		—		(23,042	)		—			(23,042	)
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain		—		—		—		—			(403	)		(403	)
Unrealized holding (loss) gain from marketable securities		—		—		—		—			98			98
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss (gain) on marketable securities included in net loss		—		—		—		—			16			16
Balance at July 31, 2022		24,570,872	$	25	$	441,914	$	(273,217	)	$	(4,150	)	$	164,572
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		31,151		—		168		—			—			168
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,506		—			—			2,506
Net loss		—		—		—		(22,257	)		—			(22,257	)
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain		—		—		—		—			(1,297	)		(1,297	)
Unrealized holding (loss) gain from marketable securities		—		—		—		—			52			52
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss (gain) on marketable securities included in net loss		—		—		—		—			69			69
Balance at October 31, 2022		24,602,023	$	25	$	444,588	$	(295,474	)	$	(5,326	)	$	143,813
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		41,540		—		146		—			—			146
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs of $0.3 million		9,484,199		9		56,573		—			—			56,582
Issuance of pre-funded warrants for the purchase of common stock, net of issuance costs		—		—		1,085		—			—			1,085
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,333		—			—			2,333
Net loss		—		—		—		(21,303	)		—			(21,303	)
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain		—		—		—		—			1,128			1,128
Unrealized holding (loss) gain from marketable securities		—		—		—		—			658			658
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss (gain) on marketable securities included in net loss		—		—		—		—			(1	)		(1	)
Balance at January 31, 2023		34,127,762	$	34	$	504,725	$	(316,777	)	$	(3,541	)	$	184,441


	Nine Months Ended January 31, 2022
										Accumulated
					Additional					Other			Total
	Common Stock				Paid-in		Accumulated			Comprehensive			Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Deficit			Loss			Equity
Balance at May 1, 2021		24,422,531	$	24	$	426,437	$	(167,836	)	$	(1,432	)	$	257,193
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		14,984		—		608		—			—			608
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,795		—			—			2,795
Net loss		—		—		—		(16,109	)		—			(16,109	)
Foreign currency translation (loss) gain		—		—		—		—			49			49
Unrealized holding (loss) gain from marketable securities		—		—		—		—			(129	)		(129	)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss (gain) on marketable securities included in net loss		—		—		—		—			23			23
Balance at July 31, 2021		24,437,515	$	24	$	429,840	$	(183,945	)	$	(1,489	)	$	244,430
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		5,917		—		63		—			—			63
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,860		—			—			2,860
Net loss		—		—		—		(19,650	)		—			(19,650	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(33	)		(33	)
Unrealized holding losses from marketable securities		—		—		—		—			(295	)		(295	)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on marketable securities included in net loss		—		—		—		—			97			97
Balance at October 31, 2021		24,443,432	$	24	$	432,763	$	(203,595	)	$	(1,720	)	$	227,472
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		93,662		—		773		—			—			773
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		2,777		—			—			2,777
Net loss		—		—		—		(22,467	)		—			(22,467	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(445	)		(445	)
Unrealized holding losses from marketable securities		—		—		—		—			(350	)		(350	)
Reclassification adjustment for realized loss on marketable securities included in net loss		—		—		—		—			176			176
Balance at January 31, 2022		24,537,094	$	24	$	436,313	$	(226,062	)	$	(2,339	)	$	207,936

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands, unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
	January 31,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(66,602	)	$	(58,226	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		530			408
Stock-based compensation expense		7,481			8,432
Realized loss (gain) from sale of marketable securities		84			296
Non-cash operating lease expense		52			153
Amortization of premium on marketable securities		890			2,081
Foreign currency exchange loss (gain)		(1,339	)		698
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Research and development tax credit receivable		2,049			(1,477	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		4,440			(3,659	)
Accounts payable		(1,911	)		228
Accrued expenses		1,701			(279	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(52,625	)		(51,345	)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of marketable securities		(63,757	)		(84,415	)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities		112,509			130,686
Acquisition of property and equipment		(1,127	)		(845	)
Net cash provided by investing activities		47,625			45,426
Cash flows from financing activities
Issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans		482			1,443
Issuance of common stock, net of offering expenses of $0.3 million		56,582			—
Issuance of pre-funded warrants, net of offering expenses		1,085			—
Net cash provided by financing activities		58,149			1,443
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		1,168			(539	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		54,317			(5,015	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		30,732			50,592
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	85,049		$	45,577
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash activities:
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	$	1,192		$	3,185
Property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses:	$	-		$	19

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

The Company

Company Background

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“KalVista” or the “Company”) is a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of small molecule protease inhibitors for diseases with significant unmet need. The Company applies its insights into the chemistry and biology of proteases to develop orally delivered, small molecule inhibitors with high selectivity, potency, and bioavailability that it believes will make them successful treatments for disease. The Company has used these capabilities to develop a proprietary portfolio of novel, small molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitors initially targeting hereditary angioedema (HAE).

The Company is currently enrolling the Phase 3 KONFIDENT clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of sebetralstat as the first potential oral, on-demand therapy for HAE attacks. This worldwide, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial will evaluate the response of adolescents and adults experiencing acute HAE attacks with two different doses of sebetralstat and placebo. Sebetralstat is the most advanced potential oral therapy for acute HAE attacks in clinical development, and is intended to provide a substantial improvement over the current on-demand standard of care for HAE attacks, which currently are only treated with injectable or infused therapies. The Company currently expects data from KONFIDENT to be available in the second half of 2023. The Company’s next anticipated program is an oral inhibitor of Factor XIIa, which plays a significant role in HAE and also has the potential to be developed in additional indications over time.

The Company’s headquarters is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, with additional offices located in Porton Down, United Kingdom, and Salt Lake City, Utah.

Liquidity

The Company has devoted substantially all of its efforts to research and development, including preclinical and clinical trials of its product candidates. The Company has not completed the development of any product candidates or commenced commercial operations. Pharmaceutical drug product candidates, like those being developed by the Company, require approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any product candidates will receive the necessary approvals and any failure to receive approval or delay in approval may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business and financial results. The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other life science companies developing new products, including, among others, the risks related to the necessity to obtain adequate additional financing, to successfully develop product candidates, to obtain regulatory approval of product candidates, to comply with government regulations, to successfully commercialize its potential products, to the protection of proprietary technology and to the dependence on key individuals.

To date, the Company has not generated any product sales revenues and does not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. In December 2022, the Company completed a registered direct offering of common shares and pre-funded warrants that generated net proceeds of $57.7 million. As of January 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $316.8 million and $171.7 million of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. The Company does not expect to generate significant revenue unless and until it obtains regulatory approval for, and commercializes, one of its current or future product candidates. The Company anticipates that it will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and it expects those losses to increase as it continues the development of, and seeks regulatory approvals for, product candidates, and begins to commercialize any approved products. The Company is subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of new therapeutic products, and it may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect its business. The Company currently anticipates that, based upon its operating plans and existing capital resources, it has sufficient funding to operate for at least the next twelve months.

Until such time, if ever, as the Company can generate substantial revenues, it expects to finance its cash needs through a combination of equity or debt financings, collaborations, strategic partnerships and licensing arrangements. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of stock, pre-funded warrants, or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of existing stockholders may be diluted, and the terms of these newly issued securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include increased fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting the Company’s ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends, selling or licensing intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact its ability to conduct business. Additional fundraising through collaborations, strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements with third parties may require the Company to relinquish valuable rights to product candidates, including other technologies, future revenue streams or research programs, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable. If the Company is unable to raise additional funds when needed, it may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate product development or future

commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and commercialize other product candidates even if it would otherwise prefer to develop and commercialize such product candidates internally.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. Such financial statements reflect all adjustments that are, in management’s opinion, necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual financial statements. There were no adjustments other than normal recurring adjustments. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending April 30, 2023, or for any other future annual or interim period. The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements as of and for the year ended April 30, 2022 in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on July 7, 2022.

Segment Reporting: The chief operating decision maker, the CEO, manages the Company’s operations as a single operating segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach on expected losses to estimate credit losses on certain financial instruments, including trade receivables and available-for-sale debt securities. The new guidance is effective for the Company as of May 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also improves consistent application by clarifying and amending existing guidance. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company's tax position.

Net Loss per Share: Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares and the number of potential dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential dilutive common share equivalents consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of share options and awards.

Potential dilutive common share equivalents consist of:


	January 31,
	2023		2022
Stock options and awards		5,386,625		3,586,033

In computing diluted earnings per share, common share equivalents are not considered in periods in which a net loss is reported, as the inclusion of the common share equivalents would be anti-dilutive. As a result, there is no difference between the Company’s basic and diluted loss per share for the periods presented.

The weighted average number of common shares used in the basic and diluted net loss per common share calculations includes the weighted-average pre-funded warrants outstanding during the period as they are exercisable at any time for nominal cash consideration.

Fair Value Measurement: The Company classifies fair value measurements using a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows: Level 1, quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2, observable inputs other than quoted market prices included in Level 1, such as quoted market prices for markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; and Level 3, unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities,

including certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. These fair values are obtained from independent pricing services which utilize Level 1 and Level 2 inputs.

The following tables summarize the cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022 (in thousands):


							Balance at
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		January 31, 2023
Cash equivalents	$	37,571	$	—	$	—	$	37,571
Marketable securities:
Corporate debt securities		—		72,712		—		72,712
U.S. government agency securities		—		13,924		—		13,924
	$	37,571	$	86,636	$	—	$	124,207


							Balance at
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		April 30, 2022
Cash equivalents	$	13,735	$	—	$	—	$	13,735
Marketable securities:
Corporate debt securities		—		112,005		—		112,005
U.S. government agency securities		—		23,465		—		23,465
	$	13,735	$	135,470	$	—	$	149,205

Marketable Securities

The objectives of the Company’s investment policy are to ensure the safety and preservation of invested funds, as well as to maintain liquidity sufficient to meet cash flow requirements. The Company invests its excess cash in securities issued by financial institutions, commercial companies, and government agencies that management believes to be of high credit quality in order to limit the amount of its credit exposure. The Company has not realized any material losses from its investments.

The Company classifies all of its debt securities as available-for-sale. Unrealized gains and losses on investments are recognized in accumulated comprehensive loss, unless an unrealized loss is considered to be other than temporary, in which case the unrealized loss is charged to operations. The Company periodically reviews its investments for other than temporary declines in fair value below cost basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company believes the individual unrealized losses represent temporary declines primarily resulting from interest rate changes. Realized gains and losses are included in other income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and are determined using the specific identification method with transactions recorded on a trade date basis.

The following tables summarize the fair values of the Company’s investments by type as of January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022 (in thousands):


	January 31, 2023
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	$	72,999	$	47	$	(334	)	$	72,712
Obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies		13,879		45		—			13,924
Total	$	86,878	$	92	$	(334	)	$	86,636


	April 30, 2022
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized			Estimated
	Cost		Gains		Losses			Fair Value
Corporate debt securities	$	112,997	$	2	$	(994	)	$	112,005
Obligations of the U.S. Government and its agencies		23,602		—		(137	)		23,465
Total	$	136,599	$	2	$	(1,131	)	$	135,470

The Company has classified all of its available-for-sale investment securities, including those with maturities beyond one year, as current assets on its condensed consolidated balance sheets based on the highly liquid nature of the investment securities and because these investment securities are considered available for use in current operations.

As of January 31, 2023, unrealized losses related to individual securities that had been in a continuous loss position for 12 months or longer were insignificant.

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturity for the Company’s marketable securities at January 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	January 31, 2023
Maturing in one year or less	$	69,028
Maturing after one year through two years		13,269
Maturing after two years through four years		4,339
Total	$	86,636

4. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following as of January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022 (in thousands):


	January 31,		April 30,
	2023		2022
Compensation expense	$	4,117	$	4,168
Research expense		3,322		2,011
Professional fees		1,119		474
Other expenses		293		308
	$	8,851	$	6,961

5. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following as of January 31, 2023 and April 30, 2022 (in thousands):


	January 31,		April 30,
	2023		2022
Prepaid clinical expenses	$	5,250	$	8,404
Other prepaid expenses		2,517		2,234
Interest and other receivables		584		888
VAT receivable		205		1,821
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	8,556	$	13,347

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Clinical Studies: The Company enters into contractual agreements with contract research organizations in connection with preclinical and toxicology studies and clinical trials. Amounts due under these agreements are invoiced to the Company on predetermined schedules during the course of the studies and clinical trials and are not refundable regardless of the outcome. The Company has contractual obligations related to the expected future costs to be incurred to complete the ongoing preclinical studies and clinical trials. The remaining commitments, which have cancellation provisions, total $30.1 million at January 31, 2023.

Indemnification: In the normal course of business, the Company enters into contracts and agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and provide for general indemnification. The Company’s exposure under these agreements is unknown because it involves future claims that may be made against the Company but have not yet been made. To date, the Company has not paid any claims or been required to defend any action related to its indemnification obligations. However, the Company may record charges in the future as a result of these indemnification obligations. No amounts associated with such indemnifications have been recorded to date.

Contingencies: From time to time, the Company may have certain contingent liabilities that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues a liability for such matters when it is probable that future expenditures will be made and such expenditures can be reasonably estimated. There were no contingent liabilities requiring accrual at January 31, 2023.

7. Leases

The Company has a lease agreement for approximately 8,300 square feet of space for its headquarters located in Cambridge, Massachusetts that runs through September 2028.

The Company has lease agreements for approximately 13,400 square feet of office and research laboratory space located in Porton Down, United Kingdom that run through April 2028, with an option to terminate in April 2023, which the Company does not expect to exercise. Options to renew a lease are not included in the Company’s assessment unless there is reasonable certainty that the Company will renew.

The Company has a lease agreement in Salt Lake City, Utah for approximately 6,200 square feet of office space that runs through February 2032.

The Company has a lease agreement for approximately 500 square feet of research laboratory space in Cambridge, Massachusetts that commenced in July 2022 with an option to renew annually.

Total rent expense was approximately $1.4 million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and is reflected in general and administrative expenses and research and development expenses as determined by the underlying activities.

The following table summarizes the maturity of undiscounted payments due under lease liabilities and the present value of those liabilities as of January 31, 2023 (in thousands):


Years ending April 30,	Operating Leases
2023	$	434
2024		1,759
2025		1,796
2026		1,834
2027		1,873
Thereafter		3,420
Total minimum lease payments		11,116
Less amounts representing interest		2,638
Present value of minimum payments		8,478
Current portion		1,057
Long-term portion	$	7,421

8. Financing

In December 2022, the Company entered into subscription agreements with institutional investors to sell, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 9,484,199 shares of common stock at a price of $6.00 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 182,470 shares of common stock at a price of $5.999 per pre-funded warrant. The purchase price per share of each pre-funded warrant represents the per share offering price for the common stock, less the $0.001 per share exercise price of each pre-funded warrant. The net proceeds from the registered direct offering, after deducting estimated expenses, were approximately $57.7 million. The pre-funded warrants do not expire and are exercisable at any time after the issuance date. The Company evaluated the pre-funded warrants for liability or equity classification in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, and determined that equity treatment was appropriate because the pre-funded warrants did not meet the definition of liability instruments and met the criteria for permanent equity. As of January 31, 2023, no pre-funded warrants were exercised.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “predict,” “seek,” “contemplate,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the success, cost and timing of our product development activities and clinical trials as well as other activities we may undertake, macroeconomic conditions, including rising inflation and interest rates, labor shortages, supply chain issues, and global conflicts such as the war in Ukraine, our business strategy, our ability to receive, maintain and recognize the benefits of certain designations received by product candidates and the receipt and timing of potential regulatory designations, approvals and commercialization of product candidates. Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect our current views with respect to future events or our future financial performance, are based on assumptions, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K or described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. Unless the context indicates otherwise, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “KalVista,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and, where appropriate, its consolidated subsidiaries.

Management Overview

We are a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of small molecule protease inhibitors for diseases with significant unmet need. We apply our insights into the chemistry and biology of proteases to develop orally delivered, small molecule inhibitors with high selectivity, potency and bioavailability that we believe will make them successful treatments for diseases. We have used these capabilities to develop a proprietary portfolio of novel, small molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitors initially targeting hereditary angioedema (“HAE”). We also are conducting preclinical development of a novel, oral Factor XIIa (“Factor XIIa”) inhibitor program, which initially is being advanced to provide a next generation of HAE therapeutics and which also offers the opportunity for expansion into other high unmet need indications in the future.

HAE is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition with symptoms that include episodes of debilitating and often painful swelling in the skin, gastrointestinal tract or airways. Despite having multiple therapies approved, we believe people living with HAE are in need of alternatives that better meet their objectives for quality of life and ease of disease control. Other than one oral therapy approved for prophylaxis, currently marketed therapies are all administered by injection, which patients can find challenging despite their efficacy because they can be painful, time consuming to deliver and difficult to store. We anticipate that there will be strong interest in safe and effective, orally delivered, small molecule treatments, and our strategy is to develop distinct oral drug candidates for both on-demand and prophylactic use with the goal of providing patients with a complete set of oral options to treat their disease.

We have advanced our candidate sebetralstat into Phase 3 clinical development as a potential, oral, on-demand therapy for HAE attacks. In February 2021 we announced data from a Phase 2 efficacy trial in which sebetralstat demonstrated statistically and clinically significant responses across all primary and secondary endpoints. In early 2022, we initiated the Phase 3 KONFIDENT clinical trial that is intended to support a New Drug Application ("NDA") filing. KONFIDENT is a placebo-controlled crossover trial in which patients will treat a total of three attacks: one each with 300 mg sebetralstat, 600 mg sebetralstat, and placebo in a randomized sequence. The study will enroll up to 114 patients in order to complete a total of 84 on the three-attack sequence. The primary endpoint of the study is time to the beginning of symptom relief assessed using the PGI-C scale. KONFIDENT is expected to be conducted in approximately 60 sites in 20 countries. We expect data from KONFIDENT in the second half of 2023, and, if it is successful, we anticipate filing an NDA with the FDA in the first half of 2024.

Sebetralstat has received Fast Track designation in the U.S. and Orphan Drug designation in the U.S. and the European Union. A Pediatric Investigational Plan (“PIP”) has also been approved by the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) for sebetralstat.

Our oral Factor XIIa inhibitor program targets an enzyme that plays a key role in HAE, as the most upstream mechanism in the biochemical pathway that initiates HAE attacks. For this reason, we believe that inhibition of Factor XIIa will block the underlying mediators of HAE attacks, including the uncontrolled generation of both plasma kallikrein and bradykinin which lead to swelling and pain. Clinical studies of an injectable Factor XIIa-inhibitory antibody have demonstrated a high degree of efficacy in preventing HAE

attacks, and there are no known safety implications of long-term inhibition of this enzyme. We believe that our program has the potential to be the first orally delivered Factor XIIa inhibitor to enter clinical development, initially for HAE and over time for additional indications that are supported by scientific evidence.

Our internal research team has discovered multiple series of low nanomolar potency Factor XIIa inhibitors that are both selective and orally bioavailable. We anticipate filing our first Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) for this program in 2023.

On May 21, 2021, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “Sales Agreement”), which established an at-the-market offering program ("ATM") pursuant to which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock from time to time. The Sales Agreement provides for the sale of shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $100.0 million. We have conducted no sales under the ATM.

On December 23, 2022, we entered into subscription agreements with institutional investors to sell, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 9,484,199 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.00 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 182,470 shares of common stock at a price of $5.999 per pre-funded warrant. The purchase price per share of each pre-funded warrant represents the per share offering price for the common stock, less the $0.001 per share exercise price of each pre-funded warrant. The net proceeds from the registered direct offering, after deducting estimated expenses, were approximately $57.7 million.

We have devoted substantially all our efforts to research and development, including clinical trials of our product candidates. We have not completed the development of any product candidates. Pharmaceutical drug product candidates, like those being developed by us, require approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any product candidates will receive the necessary approvals and any failure to receive approval or delay in approval may have a material adverse impact on our business and financial results. We are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other life science companies developing new products, including, among others, the risks related to the necessity to obtain adequate additional financing, to successfully develop product candidates, to obtain regulatory approval of product candidates, to comply with government regulations, to successfully commercialize our potential products, to the protection of proprietary technology and to our dependence on key individuals.

Financial Overview

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue in the current fiscal year. To date, we have not generated any revenues from the sale of products, and we do not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize, one of our current or future product candidates.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs associated with our research activities, including the preclinical and clinical development of product candidates. We contract with clinical research organizations to manage our clinical trials under agreed upon budgets for each study, with oversight by our clinical program managers. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Costs for certain research and development activities, such as manufacturing development activities and clinical studies are recognized based on the contracted amounts, as adjusted for the percentage of work completed to date. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the contractual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as prepaid or accrued expenses. We defer and capitalize non-refundable advance payments made for research and development activities until the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed.

We expect to continue to incur substantial expenses related to development activities for the foreseeable future as we conduct clinical development, manufacturing, and toxicology studies. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials, additional drug manufacturing requirements, and later stage toxicology studies such as carcinogenicity studies. The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The probability of success for each product candidate is affected by numerous factors, including preclinical data, clinical data, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. Accordingly, we may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for any of our product candidates.

Completion dates and costs for clinical development programs as well as our research program can vary significantly for each current and future product candidate and are difficult to predict. As a result, we cannot currently estimate with any degree of certainty the

costs associated with development of our product candidates. We anticipate making determinations as to which programs and product candidates to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program and product candidate on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific success of early research programs, results of ongoing and future clinical trials, our ability to enter into collaborative agreements with respect to programs or potential product candidates, as well as ongoing assessments as to the commercial potential of each current or future product candidate.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the costs associated with general management, obtaining and maintaining our patent portfolio, commercial planning, professional fees for accounting, auditing, consulting and legal services, and general overhead expenses.

We expect ongoing general and administrative expenses to increase in the future as we expand our operating activities, including commercial planning, maintaining and expanding the patent portfolio and incurring additional costs associated with the management of a public company such as maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements. These potential increases will likely include management costs, legal fees, accounting fees, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums, and expenses associated with investor relations, among others.

Other Income

Other income consists of interest income earned on bank interest and marketable securities, research and development tax credits from the United Kingdom government’s tax incentive programs set up to encourage research and development in the United Kingdom, realized gains and losses from marketable securities and realized and unrealized exchange rate gains and losses on cash held in foreign currencies and transactions settled in foreign currencies.

Income Taxes

We historically have incurred net losses and had no corporation tax liabilities. We file U.S. Federal tax returns, as well as certain state returns. We also file returns in the United Kingdom. Under the U.K. government’s research and development tax incentive scheme, we have incurred qualifying research and development expenses and filed claims for research and development tax credits in accordance with the relevant tax legislation. The research and development tax credits are paid out to us in cash and reported as other income. Because of the operating losses and the full valuation allowance provided on all deferred tax assets, including the net operating losses, no tax provision has been recognized in the three months ended January 31, 2023.

For tax purposes, pursuant to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, the Company is required to capitalize and subsequently amortize all R&D expenditures over five years for research activities conducted in the U.S. and over fifteen years for research activities conducted outside of the U.S. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 as of January 1, 2022. The adoption did not have a material impact on our tax position.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth the key components of our results of operations for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	January 31,				Increase
	2023		2022		(decrease)

Revenue	$	—	$	—		—
Operating expenses
Research and development expenses		20,063		19,738		325
General and administrative expenses		6,882		6,945		(63	)
Other income
Interest, exchange rate gain and other income		5,642		4,216		1,426

Revenue. No revenue was recognized in the quarters ended January 31, 2023 or 2022.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $0.3 million due to increases in spending on preclinical activities of $0.9 million, personnel costs of $0.9 million, and sebetralstat of $0.5 million, offset by decreases in spending on KVD824 of $2.0 million, compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. In October 2022 we announced the termination of an ongoing Phase 2 study of KVD824, and we do not anticipate any further development of that program. The impact of exchange rates on research and development expenses resulted in a decrease to expenses of $1.8 million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, which is reflected in the figures above.

Research and development expenses by major programs or categories were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	January 31,				Increase
	2023		2022		(decrease)

Program-specific costs
Sebetralstat	$	7,792		7,265		527
KVD824		1,802		3,798		(1,996	)
Unallocated costs
Personnel		6,116		5,250		866
Preclinical activities		4,353		3,425		928
Total	$	20,063	$	19,738	$	325

Expenses for the sebetralstat program increased primarily due to the ongoing Phase 3 KONFIDENT trial. We anticipate that these expenses will remain at or above current levels as this clinical trial progresses.

Expenses for KVD824 decreased primarily due to the termination of the Phase 2 KOMPLETE clinical trial in October 2022. We anticipate that these expenses will continue to decrease as we do not anticipate any further development of KVD824.

Personnel expenses increased primarily due to higher research and development and medical headcount compared to the same period in the prior year. We anticipate that these expenses will continue to increase to support the growth of the ongoing clinical trial and preclinical activity.

Expenses for preclinical activities increased primarily due to additional projects compared to the same period in the prior year. We anticipate that these expenses will continue to increase as we continue to progress our oral Factor XIIa inhibitor program and conduct other preclinical activities.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.1 million due to decreases in employee related expenses of $0.6 million and professional fees of $0.3 million, offset by increases in commercial planning of $0.6 million and insurance and other administrative expenses of $0.3 million.

Other Income. Other income increased $1.4 million primarily due to an increase of $0.8 million in currency exchange rate gains from transactions denominated in foreign currencies in our U.K. subsidiary, an increase of $0.5 million in interest income, and an increase of $0.1 million in realized gains from available for sale securities.

Comparison of the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth the key components of our results of operations for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				Increase
	2023		2022		(decrease)

Revenue	$	—	$	—		—
Operating expenses
Research and development expenses		56,325		50,954		5,371
General and administrative expenses		22,818		18,848		3,970
Other income
Interest, exchange rate gain and other income		12,541		11,576		965

Revenue. No revenue was recognized in the nine months ended January 31, 2023 or 2022.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $5.4 million due to an increase in spending on preclinical activities of $3.8 million, an increase in spending on personnel costs of $3.3 million, and an increase in spending on sebetralstat of $1.5 million, offset by a decrease in spending on KVD824 of $3.2 million as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The impact of exchange rates on research and development expenses resulted in a decrease to expenses of $6.0 million in the nine months ended January 31, 2023 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, which is reflected in the figures above.

Research and development expenses by major programs or categories were as follows (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	January 31,				Increase
	2023		2022		(decrease)

Program-specific costs
Sebetralstat	$	18,094	$	16,556		1,538
KVD824		7,031		10,277		(3,246	)
Unallocated costs
Personnel		17,746		14,454		3,292
Preclinical activities		13,454		9,667		3,787
Total	$	56,325	$	50,954	$	5,371

Expenses for the sebetralstat program increased primarily due to activities related to the ongoing Phase 3 KONFIDENT trial. We anticipate that these expenses will remain at or above current levels as this clinical trial progresses.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $4.0 million due to an increase in commercial planning expenses of $3.1 million, an increase in investor and public relations expenses of $0.6 million, an increase in professional fees of $0.2 million, and an increase in travel and other administrative expenses of $0.1 million. We anticipate that expenses will continue at or above current levels as we continue to expand to support the growth of the Company.

Other Income. Other income increased $1.0 million primarily due to an increase of $0.6 million in interest income, a decrease of $0.2 million in realized losses from available for sale securities, and a decrease of $0.3 million in currency exchange rate losses from transactions denominated in foreign currencies in our U.K. subsidiary. These increases were offset by a $0.1 million decrease in income from research and development tax credits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and have incurred losses since inception and cash outflows from operating activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022. We have funded operations primarily through the issuance of capital stock and pre-funded warrants. Our working capital, primarily cash and marketable securities, is anticipated to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months from the date these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued.

In May 2021, we entered into the Sales Agreement through which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering of up to $100.0 million through Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as our sales agent. We will pay the sales agents a commission of up to 3% of the gross proceeds of sales made through the Sales Agreement. During the nine months ended January 31, 2023, we did not offer or sell any shares under the Sales Agreement.

In December 2022, we entered into subscription agreements with institutional investors to sell, in a registered direct offering, an aggregate of 9,484,199 shares of our common stock at a price of $6.00 per share and pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 182,470 shares of common stock at a price of $5.999 per pre-funded warrant. The net proceeds from the Offering, after deducting estimated expenses, were approximately $57.7 million. As of January 31, 2023, no pre-funded warrants were exercised.

Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of the net cash flow activity for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	January 31,
	2023			2022

Cash flows used in operating activities	$	(52,625	)	$	(51,345	)
Cash flows provided by investing activities		47,625			45,426
Cash flows provided by financing activities		58,149			1,443
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		1,168			(539	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	54,317		$	(5,015	)

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $52.6 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 and primarily consisted of a net loss of $66.6 million adjusted for stock-based compensation of $7.5 million, a decrease in the research and development tax credit receivable of $2.1 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $4.4 million, and other changes in net working capital. The research and development tax credit receivable decreased due to the timing of the receipt of prior year tax credits offset by new tax credit deferrals as compared to the same period in the prior year. Net cash used in operating activities was $51.3 million for the nine months ended January 31, 2022 and primarily consisted of a net loss of $58.2 million adjusted for stock-based compensation of $8.4 million, an increase in the research and development tax credit receivable of $1.5 million, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $3.7 million, and other changes in net working capital.

Net cash provided by investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the nine months ended January 31, 2023 was $47.6 million and primarily consisted of the sales and maturities of marketable securities of $112.5 million offset by purchases of marketable securities of $63.8 million, as compared to $45.4 million provided by investing activities during the same period in the prior year primarily due to the sales and maturities of marketable securities of $130.7 million offset by purchases of marketable securities of $84.4 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended January 31, 2023 was $58.2 million and primarily consisted of $57.7 million in net proceeds from the December 2022 registered direct offering of common stock and pre-funded warrants, compared to $1.4 million in the same period in the prior year which consisted of the issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans.

Operating Capital Requirements

To date, we have not generated any revenues from the sale of products, and we do not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize, one of our current or future product candidates. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, product candidates, and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of new therapeutic products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. We currently anticipate that, based upon our operating plans and existing capital resources, we have sufficient funding to operate for at least the next twelve months. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of our preclinical and clinical development efforts, future growth to support commercial sales of any approved products, and other activities we may choose to undertake.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity and debt financings, collaborations, strategic partnerships, and licensing arrangements. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of stock or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these newly issued securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include increased fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends, selling or licensing intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct business. Additional fundraising through collaborations, strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements with third parties may require us to relinquish valuable rights to product candidates, including our other technologies, future revenue streams or research programs, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and commercialize other product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and commercialize such product candidates internally.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites for the conduct of clinical trials, preclinical and clinical studies, professional consultants and other vendors for clinical supply manufacturing or other services. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore are cancelable contracts and not included in the table of contractual obligations and commitments in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on July 7, 2022. We are party to several operating leases for office and laboratory space as of January 31, 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At January 31, 2023 we were not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported revenue and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, contractual milestones and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See Note 2 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of our significant accounting policies and assumptions used in applying those policies. The accounting policies and estimates that we deem to be critical are discussed in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on July 7, 2022.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 in the Interim Financial Statements for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and expected effects on results of operations and financial condition, if known.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2023. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired objectives. Also, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of January 31, 2023.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended January 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in the section captioned “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the section captioned “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on July 7, 2022, which may materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Sales of Unregistered Securities

Not applicable.

Use of Proceeds

None.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Not applicable.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

Item 6. EXHIBITS


		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Exhibit Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed Herewith
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X

31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X

32.1#	Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.					X

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document.

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

# This certification is deemed not filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	KALVISTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

Date: March 9, 2023	By:	/s/ T. Andrew Crockett
		T. Andrew Crockett Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: March 9, 2023

By:

/s/ Benjamin L. Palleiko

Benjamin L. Palleiko
President, Chief Business Officer and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-31

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, T. Andrew Crockett, certify that:

I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 9, 2023

/s/ T. Andrew Crockett

T. Andrew Crockett
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

RULES 13a-14(a) OR 15d-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Benjamin L. Palleiko, certify that:

I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 9, 2023

/s/ Benjamin L. Palleiko

Benjamin L Palleiko
President, Chief Business Officer and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the accompanying Quarterly Report of KalVista Pharmaceuticals Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2023 (the “Report”), I, T. Andrew Crockett, as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Benjamin L. Palleiko, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

(2)

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the periods presented therein.


Date: March 9, 2023	/s/ T. Andrew Crockett
	T. Andrew Crockett
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: March 9, 2023	/s/ Benjamin L. Palleiko
	Benjamin L. Palleiko
	President, Chief Business Officer and Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)