UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2021

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     .

Commission File No. 001-36830

KALVISTA PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

857-999-0075

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

n/a

Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

As of September 7, 2021, the registrant had 24,437,866 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

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KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands, unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

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You should read the following discussion in conjunction with our unaudited interim condensed financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this report are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “predict,” “seek,” “contemplate,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, the success, cost and timing of our product development activities and clinical trials as well as other activities we may undertake, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, business strategy, our ability to receive, maintain and recognize the benefits of certain designations received by product candidates and the receipt and timing of potential regulatory designations, approvals and commercialization of product candidates. Any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q reflect our current views with respect to future events or our future financial performance, are based on assumptions, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K or described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. Unless the context indicates otherwise, in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the terms “KalVista,” “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and, where appropriate, its consolidated subsidiaries.

Management Overview

We are a clinical stage pharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of small molecule protease inhibitors for diseases with significant unmet need. We apply our insights into the chemistry and biology of proteases to develop orally delivered, small molecule inhibitors with high selectivity, potency and bioavailability that we believe will make them successful treatments for diseases. We have used these capabilities to develop a proprietary portfolio of novel, small molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitors targeting hereditary angioedema (“HAE”) and diabetic macular edema (“DME”). In late 2020, we also announced a novel, oral Factor XIIa (“Factor XIIa”) inhibitor program, which initially is being advanced to provide a next generation of HAE therapeutics and which also offers the opportunity for expansion into other high unmet need indications in the future.

Our primary focus is currently on developing oral plasma kallikrein inhibitors for HAE, for which we have two drug program candidates in clinical trials. HAE is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition with symptoms that include episodes of debilitating and often painful swelling in the skin, gastrointestinal tract or airways. Despite having multiple therapies approved, we believe HAE patients are in need of alternatives that better meet their objectives for quality of life and ease of disease control. Other than one therapy recently approved for prophylaxis, currently marketed therapies are all administered by injection, which patients can find challenging despite their efficacy because they can be painful, time consuming to deliver and difficult to store. We anticipate that there will be strong interest in safe and effective, orally delivered, small molecule treatments, and our strategy is to develop oral drug candidates for both on-demand and prophylactic use with the goal of providing patients with a complete set of oral options to treat their disease.

Our strategy is based upon extensive patient, physician and payer research to identify the key needs in the market. According to our market research, oral therapy remains the highest unmet need, with 93% of patients surveyed by KalVista expressing a willingness to switch to oral therapy for both on-demand and prophylactic use. Importantly however, the survey data shows that patients are not prepared to accept significantly reduced efficacy or safety with a switch to oral therapy, and so we place a high degree of emphasis on advancing program candidates that we believe can compare favorably to existing approved therapies in both those dimensions.

We have advanced our candidate KVD900 into later stage clinical development as a potential oral, on-demand therapy for HAE attacks. In February 2021 we announced data from a Phase 2 efficacy trial in which KVD900 demonstrated statistically and clinically significant responses across all primary and secondary endpoints. KVD900-201 was a double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the safety and efficacy of a single dose of 600 mg KVD900 as an on-demand treatment for HAE attacks in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 HAE. Following an open label phase, in which pharmacokinetic samples were collected over four hours, all patients progressed into the randomized phase of the trial. In this “at home” part of the trial, patients treated two attacks, one with 600 mg KVD900 and one with placebo in a randomized sequence. Patients administered treatment for each attack within one hour of attack onset, following confirmation with their physician, and then recorded symptoms and, if needed, the time to use of rescue (the patient’s

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conventional attack treatment). The time to use of rescue treatment within 12 hours was the primary outcome of the trial. Secondary outcomes included assessment of attack severity using categorical (“PGI-S”) and visual analogue scale (“VAS”) measures and the patient’s global impression of change (“PGI-C”).

The trial planned to complete at least 50 patients and enrolled 68 patients of which 53 completed the trial by treating two attacks. One patient withdrew consent and 14 patients were discontinued due to completion of the trial. No patients withdrew due to adverse events.

The trial met its primary endpoint comparing the time to use of rescue treatment within 12 hours on KVD900 versus placebo (p=0.001) with rates of use at 12 hours of 15.1% following treatment with KVD900 versus 30.2% after placebo. The trial also met all secondary endpoints: reduced worsening of attacks (p<0.0001; based on PGI-S or use of rescue) and reduced time to onset of symptom relief measured using both PGI-C (p<0.0001) and VAS (p<0.0001). The trial included 126 administrations of KVD900 and 55 of placebo. During the uncontrolled, open label phase, 5 of 68 patients dosed reported 8 adverse events suspected to be related to treatment. During the randomized, placebo-controlled phase, 5 patients reported adverse events suspected to be treatment-related (3 of 58 dosed with KVD900 and 2 of 55 dosed with placebo). We have scheduled an end-of-phase 2 meeting with the FDA to confirm our plans for the Phase 3 program, following which we are prepared to commence the trial rapidly in the US. We also intend for this trial to be conducted in a number of other countries, with commencement in those locations to follow approval by their respective regulatory authorities. KVD900 has received Fast Track designation from the FDA. A Pediatric Investigational Plan (“PIP”) has also been approved by the European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) for KVD900.

KVD824 is our oral product candidate being developed for potential prophylactic treatment of HAE. Our work to optimize the exposure profile of KVD824 has yielded a formulation that maintains the plasma concentrations we believe are required to deliver efficacy that will compete with approved injectable therapies. Twice-daily dosing of this formulation of KVD824 up to 14 days has shown what we believe to be an encouraging safety and tolerability profile.

Earlier in 2021 we announced that the FDA placed a clinical hold on our proposed Phase 2 clinical trial of KVD824. This was based upon certain preclinical data included in our Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”), for which they requested additional information and analysis. In August 2021 we submitted our response to the FDA on their requests and are awaiting their response. We are prepared to initiate the trial in the US upon clearance from the FDA to proceed.

This trial is also intended to be conducted in multiple other countries, and we have completed regulatory filings in all those locations. The Phase 2 clinical regulatory submissions for KVD824 have been approved in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK, and we commenced enrollment for the study in August 2021.

KOMPLETE is the worldwide Phase 2 clinical trial of KVD824, and is a randomized, double-blind, parallel group design evaluating twice-daily dosing of 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg KVD824 against placebo for 12 weeks.  The trial will enroll 48 HAE patients randomized into four equal arms after they report experiencing a minimum of three attacks during an eight-week run-in period. Patients will take two doses of their assigned medication daily, in the morning and evening. The primary endpoint of the trial is the rate of investigator confirmed HAE attacks during the treatment period. Secondary endpoints include the proportion of subjects without investigator confirmed HAE attacks, the rate of investigator confirmed HAE attacks that require conventional treatment, angioedema quality-of-life (AE-QoL) and angioedema control test (AECT) scores, and the proportion of participants with an AECT score greater than or equal to 12. KOMPLETE will be conducted at approximately 36 sites in 13 countries.

We initially evaluated KVD824 in a three-part first-in-human study in which 84 healthy male, adult subjects received at least one dose of KVD824. The study evaluated single doses up to 1,280 mg, multiple doses up to 640 mg, and the effect of food on KVD824 pharmacokinetics. We have also completed a study in healthy adult subjects assessing different formulations of KVD824 and believe that twice-daily dosing maintains concentrations sufficient to deliver meaningful clinical efficacy.

To date, a total of 121 subjects have been exposed to treatment with KVD824 as single doses up to 1,280 mg and up to 14 days of twice-daily dosing of 600 mg and 900 mg. In the first-in-human study adverse event rates were similar in placebo and active arms, no subjects withdrew from the study and no serious adverse events were reported. All reported adverse events have been mild and no subjects withdrew from the trial.

Our oral Factor XIIa inhibitor program represents what we believe is a major breakthrough in development of a therapeutic against an important target. Factor XIIa is an enzyme that plays a key role in HAE as the most upstream mechanism in the biochemical pathway that initiates HAE attacks. For this reason, we believe that inhibition of Factor XIIa will block the underlying causes of HAE attacks, including the uncontrolled generation of both plasma kallikrein and bradykinin, which cause swelling and pain. Clinical studies of an injectable Factor XIIa-inhibitory antibody have demonstrated a high degree of efficacy in preventing HAE attacks, and there are no known safety implications of long-term inhibition of this enzyme. We believe that our program has the

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potential to be the first orally delivered Factor XIIa inhibitor to enter clinical development, initially for HAE and over time for additional indications that are supported by scientific evidence.

Our internal research team has discovered multiple series of low nanomolar potency Factor XIIa inhibitors that are both selective and orally bioavailable. We are pursuing comprehensive intellectual property protection for this advanced medicinal chemistry program that is currently in lead optimization. We anticipate initiating IND-enabling studies for potential drug candidates in 2021.

The second indication we are pursuing is DME. DME is the leading cause of moderate vision loss in most developed countries and diabetes, the underlying cause of DME, is the leading cause of blindness among American adults according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Our DME program to date has been focused on the development of an intravitreally administered small molecule plasma kallikrein inhibitor, KVD001, which completed a Phase 2 trial. We believe intravitreal plasma kallikrein inhibitors may be an effective alternative therapy to vascular endothelial growth factor (“VEGF”) inhibitors and further improve visual acuity and decrease macular thickening. We also intend to develop oral therapies for DME, which we believe would represent a substantial enhancement to the therapeutic options with this disease. We are currently evaluating our development strategy in this indication and expect to provide further updates when appropriate.

We have devoted substantially all our efforts to research and development, including clinical trials of our product candidates. We have not completed the development of any product candidates. Pharmaceutical drug product candidates, like those being developed by us, require approvals from the FDA or foreign regulatory agencies prior to commercial sales. There can be no assurance that any product candidates will receive the necessary approvals and any failure to receive approval or delay in approval may have a material adverse impact on our business and financial results. We are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties similar to those of other life science companies developing new products, including, among others, the risks related to the necessity to obtain adequate additional financing, to successfully develop product candidates, to obtain regulatory approval of product candidates, to comply with government regulations, to successfully commercialize our potential products, to the protection of proprietary technology and to our dependence on key individuals.

The extent of the impact of the novel strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (“COVID-19”) on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, impact on our preclinical and clinical trials, employee or industry events, effect on our suppliers and manufacturers, and impact on the healthcare systems, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted. The COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse effects continue to affect the locations where we, our manufacturers, suppliers or third-party business partners conduct business. Although we have continued our operations and clinical trials to date, we have experienced, and if there are renewed or continued closures of business in the European Union, the United States or the United Kingdom, or other impacted areas, we may continue to experience, further delays in our preclinical studies or planned clinical trials, which could materially adversely impact our business, results of operations and overall financial performance in future periods. In addition, we may experience impact from changes in how we and companies worldwide conduct business due to the COVID-19 pandemic, including but not limited to continued restrictions on travel and in-person meetings, delays in future site activations and future enrollment of clinical trials, prioritization of hospital resources toward the COVID-19 pandemic effort, delays in review by the FDA and comparable foreign regulatory agencies, and disruptions in our supply chain for our product candidates. As of the filing date of this Form 10-Q, the extent to which COVID-19 may impact our financial condition, results of operations or guidance is uncertain. See “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended April 30, 2021, for further information of the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

Financial Overview

Revenue

We have not generated any revenue in the current fiscal year. To date, we have not generated any revenues from the sale of products, and we do not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize, one of our current or future product candidates.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses primarily consist of costs associated with our research activities, including the preclinical and clinical development of product candidates. We contract with clinical research organizations to manage our clinical trials under agreed upon budgets for each study, with oversight by our clinical program managers. All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

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Costs for certain research and development activities, such as manufacturing development activities and clinical studies are recognized based on the contracted amounts, as adjusted for the percentage of work completed to date. Payments for these activities are based on the terms of the contractual arrangements, which may differ from the pattern of costs incurred, and are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets as prepaid or accrued expenses. We defer and capitalize non-refundable advance payments made for research and development activities until the related goods are delivered or the related services are performed.

We expect to continue to incur substantial expenses related to development activities for the foreseeable future as we conduct clinical development, manufacturing, and toxicology studies. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials, additional drug manufacturing requirements, and later stage toxicology studies such as carcinogenicity studies. The process of conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The probability of success for each product candidate is affected by numerous factors, including preclinical data, clinical data, competition, manufacturing capability and commercial viability. Accordingly, we may never succeed in achieving marketing approval for any of our product candidates.

Completion dates and costs for clinical development programs as well as our research program can vary significantly for each current and future product candidate and are difficult to predict. As a result, we cannot currently estimate with any degree of certainty the costs associated with development of our product candidates. We anticipate making determinations as to which programs and product candidates to pursue and how much funding to direct to each program and product candidate on an ongoing basis in response to the scientific success of early research programs, results of ongoing and future clinical trials, our ability to enter into collaborative agreements with respect to programs or potential product candidates, as well as ongoing assessments as to the commercial potential of each current or future product candidate.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of the costs associated with general management, obtaining and maintaining our patent portfolio, professional fees for accounting, auditing, consulting and legal services, and general overhead expenses.

We expect ongoing general and administrative expenses to increase in the future as we expand our operating activities, maintain and expand the patent portfolio and incur additional costs associated with the management of a public company and maintain compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements. These potential increases will likely include management costs, legal fees, accounting fees, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance premiums, and expenses associated with investor relations, among others.

Other Income

Other income consists of interest income earned on bank interest and marketable securities, research and development tax credits from the United Kingdom government’s tax incentive programs set up to encourage research and development in the United Kingdom, and realized and unrealized exchange rate gains/losses on cash held in foreign currencies and transactions settled in foreign currencies.

Income Taxes

We historically have incurred net losses and had no corporation tax liabilities. We file U.S. Federal tax returns, as well as certain state returns. We also file returns in the United Kingdom. Under the U.K. government’s research and development tax incentive scheme, we have incurred qualifying research and development expenses and filed claims for research and development tax credits in accordance with the relevant tax legislation. The research and development tax credits are paid out to us in cash and reported as other income. Because of the operating losses and the full valuation allowance provided on all deferred tax assets, including the net operating losses, no tax provision has been recognized in the three months ended July 31, 2021.

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Results of Operations

Comparison of the three months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020

The following table sets forth the key components of our results of operations for the three months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

Revenue. No revenue was recognized in the quarters ended July 31, 2021 or 2020.

Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses increased $2.5 million due to an increase in spending on preclinical activities of $2.8 million and an increase in spending on KVD824 of $0.1 million, offset by a decrease in spending on KVD900 of $0.3 million and a decrease in spending on KVD001 of $0.1 million as compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year. The impact of exchange rates on research and development expenses resulted in an increase to expenses of $1.1 million in the three months ended July 31, 2021 compared to the same period in the prior fiscal year, which is reflected in the figures above.

Research and development expenses by major programs or categories were as follows (in thousands):

Expenses for the KVD001 program decreased primarily due to the completion of the KVD001 Phase 2 clinical trial. We anticipate that expenses will remain at a low rate as we determine next steps for the KVD001 program.

Expenses for the KVD900 program decreased primarily due to the completion of its Phase 2 clinical trial in February 2021. We anticipate that these expenses will increase above current levels as we initiate the Phase 3 clinical trial of KVD900.

Expenses for the KVD824 program remained relatively consistent due to the FDA placing a clinical hold on our Investigational New Drug Application (“IND”) for a Phase 2 clinical trial in April 2021. We anticipate that these expenses will increase above current levels as we have submitted our response to the FDA and are awaiting their response on the Phase 2 trial commencement.

Expenses for preclinical activities increased primarily due to additional projects and higher headcount compared to the same period in the prior year. We anticipate that these expenses will continue to increase as we continue to progress our Factor XIIa program and conduct other preclinical activities.  

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General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased $2.6 million due to an increase in compensation expense of $1.4 million from increased headcount and stock-based compensation, an increase in commercial planning expenses of $0.5 million, an increase in professional fees of $0.3 million, and an increase in other administrative expenses of $0.4 million. We anticipate that expenses will continue at or above current levels as we continue to expand to support the growth of the Company.

Other Income. Other income decreased $0.2 million primarily due to a decrease of $0.5 million in foreign currency exchange rate gains from transactions denominated in foreign currencies in our U.K. subsidiary, offset by an increase of $0.3 million in income from research and development tax credits.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have funded operations primarily through the issuance of capital stock. Our working capital, primarily cash and marketable securities, is anticipated to fund our operations for at least the next twelve months from the date these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, subject to the potential impact of COVID-19.

Cash Flows

The following table shows a summary of the net cash flow activity for the three months ended July 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

Net cash used in operating activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $17.7 million for the three months ended July 31, 2021 and primarily consisted of a net loss of $16.1 million adjusted for stock-based compensation of $2.8 million, an increase in the research and development tax credit receivable of $3.2 million, a decrease in accrued expenses of $1.0 million, and other changes in net working capital. The cash flows from the research and development tax credit decreased due to the timing of the receipt of prior year tax credits offset by new tax credit deferrals as compared to the prior fiscal quarter. Net cash used in operating activities was $3.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and primarily consisted of a net loss of $10.8 million adjusted for stock-based compensation expense of $1.2 million, a decrease in the research and development tax credit receivable of $4.5 million, a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $1.3 million, and other changes in net working capital.

Net cash provided by investing activities

Net cash provided by investing activities for the three months ended July 31, 2021 was $14.9 million and primarily consisted of the sales and maturities of marketable securities of $34.2 million offset by purchases of marketable securities of $19.1 million, as compared to $5.5 million provided by investing activities during the same period in the prior year primarily due to purchases of marketable securities of $9.8 million offset by sales and maturities of marketable securities of $15.3 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended July 31, 2021 was $0.6 million and consisted of the issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans, compared to $46,000 in the same period in the prior year which also consisted of the issuance of common stock from equity incentive plans.

In May 2021, we entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the “2021 Sales Agreement”), through which we may offer and sell shares of our common stock having an aggregate offering of up to $100.0 million through Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., as our sales agent. We will pay the sales agents a commission of up to 3% of the gross proceeds of

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sales made through the 2021 Sales Agreement. During the three months ended July 31, 2021, we did not offer or sell any shares under the 2021 Sales Agreement.

Operating Capital Requirements

To date, we have not generated any revenues from the sale of products, and we do not have any products that have been approved for commercialization. We do not expect to generate product revenue unless and until we obtain regulatory approval for, and commercialize, one of our current or future product candidates. We anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we expect the losses to increase as we continue the development of, and seek regulatory approvals for, product candidates, and begin to commercialize any approved products. We are subject to all of the risks inherent in the development of new therapeutic products, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may adversely affect our business. We currently anticipate that, based upon our operating plans and existing capital resources, we have sufficient funding to operate for at least the next twelve months. The amount and timing of our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including the pace and results of our preclinical and clinical development efforts, including any potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on our clinical product development efforts.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity and debt financings, collaborations, strategic partnerships, and licensing arrangements. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of stock or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of existing stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these newly issued securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of common stockholders. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include increased fixed payment obligations and covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures, declaring dividends, selling or licensing intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct business. Additional fundraising through collaborations, strategic partnerships or licensing arrangements with third parties may require us to relinquish valuable rights to product candidates, including our other technologies, future revenue streams or research programs, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and commercialize other product candidates even if we would otherwise prefer to develop and commercialize such product candidates internally.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We enter into contracts in the normal course of business with contract research organizations and clinical trial sites for the conduct of clinical trials, preclinical and clinical studies, professional consultants and other vendors for clinical supply manufacturing or other services. These contracts generally provide for termination on notice, and therefore are cancelable contracts and not included in the table of contractual obligations and commitments in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on July 13, 2021. We are party to several operating leases for office and laboratory space as of July 31, 2021.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At July 31, 2021 we were not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we have prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported revenue and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, contractual milestones and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. See Note 2 to the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of our significant accounting policies and assumptions used in applying those policies. The accounting policies and estimates that we deem to be critical are discussed in more detail in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021, filed with the SEC on July 13, 2021.

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Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Not applicable.

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2021. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute assurance of achieving the desired objectives. Also, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of July 31, 2021.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the quarter ended July 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, even though most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 pandemic on our internal controls to minimize the impact on the operating effectiveness.   

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PART II

OTHER INFORMATION

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.  

There have been no material changes to the risk factors described in the section captioned “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the section captioned “Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2021 filed with the SEC on July 13, 2021, which may materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or operating results.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

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# This certification is deemed not filed for purpose of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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